KCNH2 Variant S428T Detail

We estimate the penetrance of LQTS for KCNH2 S428T is 17%. We are unaware of any observations of this variant in individuals. S428T is not present in gnomAD. We have tested the trafficking efficiency of this variant, 88% of WT with a standard error of 6%; in our analysis we used SE < 20% as 'high quality'. Approximately below 50% of WT is considered PS3 moderate and below 30% is PS3 strong. S428T has not been functionally characterized. This residue is located in a Mild_Hotspot region for LQT2. In silico predictions, functional data (if available), and location in structure are equivalent to observing 1 individuals with LQT2 and 9 unaffected individuals.These data combined with observations of carriers lead us to estimate the LQTS penetrance for KCNQ1 S428T around 17% (1/10).

In Silico Data

PROVEAN PolyPhen-2 BLAST-PSSM REVEL Penetrance Density (%)
-2.363 0.125 1 0.678 38
PROVEAN scores less than -2 are considered deleterious. REVEL scores higher than 0.5 or 0.75 are considered likely pathogenic (higher sensitivity with the former cutoff, higher specificity with the latter cutoff). A PolyPhen-2 score of 0.85 or greater is considered likely pathogenic. BLAST-PSSM reflects the evolutionary conservation of residue substitutions, more negative numbers indicate fewer observations of the specific substitution than is expected. Penetrance density is our previously published method to calculate the average LQTS probability density in a shell of residues surrounding a residue of interest (Kroncke et al. 2019).

Reported Carrier Data

PubMed ID Year Carriers Unaffected LQT2 Other Disease
LITERATURE, COHORT, AND GNOMAD: - 0 0 0 -
VARIANT FEATURES ALONE: - 10 9 1 -
Summary totals might not agree with the literature table because of duplicate patients, which were excluded from the total counts. We do not distinguish here between multiple missense codons. Missense variants are combined across degenerate codon substitutions since codon-level data were not consistently available for curation.

S428T has 48 previously observed neighbors within 15 angstroms

A residue within a folded protein on average has nearest neighbors that fall roughly into two shells: a "nearest" neighbor around 5-6 angstroms and a second shell around 11 angstroms. NOTE: some residues appear multiple times at different distances since the functional KV11.1 channel (protein product of KCNH2/hERG) is a homotetramer and occasionally the same residue from multiple subunits is present within the 15A window. All variants shown in the rightmost column have been observed in at least one individual in the literature or gnomAD.

Neighbor Distance (Angstroms) Variants Observed in Individuals
428 0 S428X, S428fsX, S428L,
429 4 A429P, A429V,
427 5 Y427C, Y427H, Y427S,
425 6
432 6
426 6 P426H,
430 6
431 7 F431L, F431L, F431L,
424 7
525 8 K525N, K525N,
522 9 G522E,
452 9
423 9
566 10 C566S, C566R, C566F, C566S, C566G,
456 10 D456Y,
528 10 R528P, R528X, R528W,
526 10
420 10 Y420C,
523 10
421 10 T421fsX, T421M,
422 11 A422T,
453 11
562 11 H562P, H562Q, H562Q, H562R,
611 11 Y611D,
569 12 Y569X, Y569C, Y569H,
607 12
520 12
529 12
524 12
563 12 W563X, W563C, W563C, W563G,
450 13
527 13
565 13
570 13
455 13
521 13
567 13 I567M, I567T,
451 14 P451L,
610 14
460 14 D460fsX,
459 14
457 14 L457P,
454 14
573 14
531 14 R531Q, R531Del, R531W,
608 14
559 15 L559H, L559F,
419 15