KCNH2 Variant A175S Detail

We estimate the penetrance of LQTS for KCNH2 A175S is 4%. This variant was found in a total of 12 carriers in 0 papers or gnomAD (version 4), 0 had LQTS. A175S is present in 12 alleles in gnomAD. We have tested the trafficking efficiency of this variant, 129% of WT with a standard error of 18%; in our analysis we used SE < 20% as 'high quality'. Approximately below 50% of WT is considered PS3 moderate and below 30% is PS3 strong. A175S has not been functionally characterized. This residue is located in a Mild_Hotspot region for LQT2. In silico predictions, functional data (if available), and location in structure are equivalent to observing 0 individuals with LQT2 and 10 unaffected individuals.These data combined with observations of carriers lead us to estimate the LQTS penetrance for KCNQ1 A175S around 4% (0/22).

In Silico Data

PROVEAN PolyPhen-2 BLAST-PSSM REVEL Penetrance Density (%)
-0.166 0.0 1 0.237 10
PROVEAN scores less than -2 are considered deleterious. REVEL scores higher than 0.5 or 0.75 are considered likely pathogenic (higher sensitivity with the former cutoff, higher specificity with the latter cutoff). A PolyPhen-2 score of 0.85 or greater is considered likely pathogenic. BLAST-PSSM reflects the evolutionary conservation of residue substitutions, more negative numbers indicate fewer observations of the specific substitution than is expected. Penetrance density is our previously published method to calculate the average LQTS probability density in a shell of residues surrounding a residue of interest (Kroncke et al. 2019).

Reported Carrier Data

PubMed ID Year Carriers Unaffected LQT2 Other Disease
LITERATURE, COHORT, AND GNOMAD: - 12 4 0 -
VARIANT FEATURES ALONE: - 10 10 0 -
Summary totals might not agree with the literature table because of duplicate patients, which were excluded from the total counts. We do not distinguish here between multiple missense codons. Missense variants are combined across degenerate codon substitutions since codon-level data were not consistently available for curation.

A175S has 31 previously observed neighbors within 15 angstroms

A residue within a folded protein on average has nearest neighbors that fall roughly into two shells: a "nearest" neighbor around 5-6 angstroms and a second shell around 11 angstroms. NOTE: some residues appear multiple times at different distances since the functional KV11.1 channel (protein product of KCNH2/hERG) is a homotetramer and occasionally the same residue from multiple subunits is present within the 15A window. All variants shown in the rightmost column have been observed in at least one individual in the literature or gnomAD.

Neighbor Distance (Angstroms) Variants Observed in Individuals
175 0 A175S, A175X, A175D,
174 4
176 4 R176X, R176Q, R176W,
173 5
177 5 E177X,
172 7 A172V,
178 7
171 8 L171Ins,
179 8 S179W,
170 8 L170Ins,
180 8
169 9 A169G,
181 9 R181fsX, R181W, R181Q,
168 10
182 10 S182X,
167 11
183 11 G183fsX,
166 11
184 11 G184Del,
165 12
185 12
164 13 R164H, R164C,
186 13 G186fsX,
163 13
187 13 G187A, G187X, G187S, G187Del,
162 14 T162X,
188 14 A188S, A188P, A188X,
161 14
189 14 G189Ins,
160 15
190 15 A190V, A190T,