KCNQ1 Variant R259L Detail

We estimate the penetrance of LQTS for KCNQ1 R259L is 58%. This variant was found in a total of 6 carriers in 8 papers or gnomAD, 6 had LQTS. R259L is not present in gnomAD. R259L has not been functionally characterized. This residue is located in a Hotspot region for LQT1. In silico predictions, functional data (if available), and location in structure are equivalent to observing 3 individuals with LQT1 and 7 unaffected individuals. These data combined with observations of carriers lead us to estimate the LQTS penetrance for KCNQ1 R259L around 58% (9/16).

In Silico Data

PROVEAN PolyPhen-2 BLAST-PSSM REVEL Penetrance Density (%)
-6.8 0.982 -1 0.948 45
PROVEAN scores less than -2 are considered deleterious. REVEL scores higher than 0.5 or 0.75 are considered likely pathogenic (higher sensitivity with the former cutoff, higher specificity with the latter cutoff). A PolyPhen-2 score of 0.85 or greater is considered likely pathogenic. BLAST-PSSM reflects the evolutionary conservation of residue substitutions, more negative numbers indicate fewer observations of the specific substitution than is expected. Penetrance density is our previously published method to calculate the average LQTS probability density in a shell of residues surrounding a residue of interest (Kroncke et al. 2019).

Reported Carrier Data

PubMed ID Year Carriers Unaffected LQT1 Other Disease
33664273 2021 1 0 1 None
32893267 2020 2 None 2 None
23631430 2013 1 None None None
22949429 2012 1 None 1 None
19841300 2009 1 None 1 None
19716085 2009 1 None 1 None
19490272 2009 5 None 5 None
18752142 2008 12 None 3 RWS
LITERATURE, COHORT, AND GNOMAD: - 6 0 6
VARIANT FEATURES ALONE: - 10 7 3 -
Summary totals might not agree with the literature table because of duplicate patients, which were excluded from the total counts. We do not distinguish here between multiple missense codons. Missense variants are combined across degenerate codon substitutions since codon-level data were not consistently available for curation.

R259L has 17 previously observed neighbors within 15 angstroms

A residue within a folded protein on average has nearest neighbors that fall roughly into two shells: a "nearest" neighbor around 5-6 angstroms and a second shell around 11 angstroms. NOTE: some residues appear multiple times at different distances. This results from the fact that the functional KV7.1 channel is a homotetramer and occasionally the same residue from multiple subunits is present within the 15A window. All variants shown in the rightmost column have been observed in at least one individual in the literature or gnomAD.

Neighbor Distance (Angstroms) Variants Observed in Individuals
259 0 R259C, R259H, R259L, R259G,
256 5
263 6
266 11 L266P,
359 12 Q359del,
351 13 F351L, F351L, F351L, F351S,
250 13 L250H, L250P,
355 13
267 14 Y267C,
251 14 L251P, L251Q,
261 14 E261K, E261D, E261D, E261G, E261Q,
354 14
254 14 V254M, V254L, V254L,
358 14 K358T,
247 15 T247I,
350 15 G350V, G350R, G350R, G350W,
260 15